Reader Emeritus of Psychology at Lancaster University, UK, an Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society (BPS), and a BPS Charted Psychologist. His research focuses on moral development, children’s metaphysical reasoning, magical thinking and behaviour over life span, human consciousness and cognition and he has conducted cross-cultural research in Russia, Germany, UK, USA and Mexico. He is the author of 14 books including, Science and Magic in the Modern World (2018), The Child as a Cartesian Thinker (2015), Magic and the Mind (2010), The Birth of Personality (1993), Foundations of the Mind (1993) and The Bubble Universe (2020)